There are various types of tunneling machines designed to meet different engineering requirements and geological conditions. Here are some common types:
1. Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): A TBM is a specialized mechanical equipment used for excavating underground tunnels. It includes various types such as shield machines, hard rock TBMs, and earth pressure balance TBMs, chosen based on specific project needs.
TBMs typically consist of a cutting head, disc cutters, propulsion system, screw conveyor, and support systems. The cutting head can be adapted with different tools and operating modes according to geological conditions.
2. Drilling Jumbo: Primarily used for drilling and blasting operations in underground projects like tunneling pre-works, rock control, and support, commonly employed in mining and tunneling projects. A drilling jumbo typically comprises multiple drill heads, enabling simultaneous drilling operations to enhance efficiency.
3. Roadheader: A mechanical device utilized for excavating underground roads, tunnels, and other subterranean passages, suitable for various types of rock and soil geology. Roadheaders typically employ rotary cutting heads or disc cutters to excavate rock and soil, while hydraulic systems control and propel the machine.
4. Mining Tunneling Machine: Similar in function to tunnel boring machines, mining tunneling machines are employed for excavation operations in underground mines. They include light and heavy-duty machines used for extracting minerals, coal, salt, etc. Mining tunneling machines generally possess higher production capacity and stronger drilling capabilities to meet the demands of mining operations.
5. Foundation Engineering Tunneling Machine: Primarily used for underground excavation in building foundation projects such as digging underground tunnels, pipelines, and excavations for basements, contributing to improving the efficiency and quality of foundation engineering construction.
These are just a few common types of tunneling machines. With ongoing technological advancements and evolving engineering requirements, new types and improved models may emerge in the future.