What is the dark excavation method? The dark excavation method, also known as the tunneling method or underground excavation method, refers to a construction method that uses special equipment to dig and support underground without damaging the ground. It occupies an important position in urban underground projects, especially in areas with heavy traffic and dense buildings.

　　Advantages

　　1. Little impact on ground traffic and surrounding environment: The dark excavation method does not require large-scale excavation of the ground during construction, which can effectively reduce the impact on ground traffic, especially suitable for areas with heavy traffic such as urban centers.

　　2. Avoid large-scale demolition and pipeline relocation: Since there is no need for large-scale excavation of the ground, the dark excavation method can avoid disturbance of ground buildings and underground pipelines, and reduce the need for demolition and pipeline relocation.

　　Disadvantages

　　1. Difficult construction: The dark excavation method requires a high level of technology and precise construction operations, and has high requirements for construction personnel and equipment.

　　2. High construction risk: Underground construction has a large risk of stratum deformation, which requires precise control and monitoring to avoid ground collapse or other accidents.

　　3. High cost and slow construction speed: Compared with other construction methods, the construction speed of the dark excavation method is relatively slow and the project cost is also high.

　　Common dark excavation methods

　　1. Mining method: Excavation is carried out by drilling and blasting, which is suitable for various geological conditions. The flexibility of the mining method allows it to be used freely under complex geological conditions.

　　2. Shield method: The shield machine is used for excavation and lining construction, which is suitable for soft soil layers. The shield method has a high degree of mechanization and high construction efficiency.

　　3. Pipe jacking method: It is often used for the laying of small-diameter pipelines, and the pipeline is pushed by the pipe jacking machine. The pipe jacking method is suitable for short-distance and small-diameter pipeline construction, and the ground is less disturbed during the construction process.

　　As a construction method widely used in urban underground projects, the dark excavation method has many unique advantages, but it also faces many challenges. Reasonable selection and application of different types of dark excavation methods can effectively improve construction efficiency, reduce the impact on the environment and traffic, and achieve the smooth progress of the project.