China's shield tunneling machine technology developed through a process of introducing, assimilating, and independently innovating on foreign technologies. In the early 1990s, China began importing advanced shield tunneling machine technology from abroad, which was then absorbed and re-innovated. Initially, shield tunneling machines were mainly imported, which was expensive and difficult to maintain. To change this situation, the Chinese government took a series of measures to encourage domestic enterprises and research institutions to strengthen independent research and development (R&D) and technological innovation.

　　On the policy level, the Chinese government introduced a series of supportive measures for the shield tunneling machine industry, including financial subsidies and tax incentives, providing a favorable development environment for enterprises. At the same time, the government strengthened the regulation and management of the shield tunneling machine industry, promoting healthy and orderly development.

　　At the enterprise level, Chinese shield tunneling machine companies continuously improved the performance and quality of their products by introducing advanced foreign technology, strengthening independent R&D, and technological innovation. Some companies have acquired the capability to independently develop and manufacture high-end shield tunneling machines. Their products not only meet the domestic market demand but are also exported overseas, making them strong competitors in the international market.

　　At the research institution level, Chinese research institutions have made a series of significant breakthroughs in the R&D of shield tunneling machine technology. They have conducted in-depth studies on the working principles, materials, and processes of shield tunneling machines, developing core technologies and key components with independent intellectual property rights, providing strong support for the industry's development.

　　Additionally, China has emphasized industry-university-research collaboration to promote the transformation and industrialization of research achievements. By establishing collaboration platforms, exchanges and cooperation between enterprises, universities, and research institutions are facilitated, jointly tackling technical challenges and driving continuous innovation and development in shield tunneling machine technology.

　　After years of effort, China’s shield tunneling machine technology has made significant progress. It not only dominates the domestic market but also holds a competitive position in the international market. In the future, with continuous technological advancements and sustained industry development, it is believed that China’s shield tunneling machine technology will achieve even greater success, contributing more significantly to global tunnel construction.

　　In modern tunnel construction, the three-arm arch installation trolley is a high-efficiency, safe construction equipment. It is primarily used for the installation of arches inside tunnels, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality through precise control and stable support.

　　The three-arm arch installation trolley features a unique structural design, comprising three main parts: the main structure, mechanical arms, and the installation platform. The main structure serves as the foundation of the trolley, providing stable support; the mechanical arms are responsible for moving and positioning the arches; and the installation platform is where workers operate, equipped with the necessary tools and equipment.

　　The working principle of the trolley involves an electric drive system that controls the movement of the mechanical arms, accurately placing the arches in the designated positions. Meanwhile, workers on the installation platform can perform welding, fastening, and other operations to ensure the quality of the arch installation.

　　Compared to traditional manual installation methods, the three-arm arch installation trolley has significant advantages. Firstly, it greatly improves construction efficiency and reduces labor input. Secondly, due to the stability and precision of the trolley, it can significantly reduce construction risks and enhance construction quality. Lastly, the trolley can adapt to tunnel construction needs of different diameters and lengths, offering high versatility.

　　In practical applications, the three-arm arch installation trolley has become an indispensable piece of equipment in tunnel construction. It not only improves construction efficiency but also provides a safe working environment for construction personnel. With continuous technological advancements and innovations, it is believed that the three-arm arch installation trolley will become more intelligent and automated in the future, contributing even more to tunnel construction.

　　The three-arm arch installation trolley plays an irreplaceable role in the construction of bridges, tunnels, and other large structures. As a crucial piece of modern construction equipment, its unique structure and outstanding performance significantly enhance construction efficiency while ensuring quality and safety, making it an essential part of contemporary architectural engineering.

　　Core Advantages: Stability and Flexibility

　　The primary advantages of the three-arm arch installation trolley lie in its stability and flexibility. Its distinctive three-arm design allows the trolley to maintain stability in complex construction environments, effectively resisting various external interferences and pressures. This stability ensures precision and reliability throughout the construction process, providing a safe and efficient working platform for construction personnel. Additionally, the trolley's flexibility is evident in its adjustability and mobility. Thanks to meticulous design and manufacturing, the trolley can be quickly adjusted and moved according to construction needs, saving significant time and boosting efficiency.

　　Efficiency and Economic Benefits

　　Beyond stability and flexibility, the three-arm arch installation trolley is also characterized by its efficiency and economic benefits. It utilizes advanced materials and manufacturing techniques, resulting in a lightweight design that reduces the burden on the construction site. Its modular design facilitates easy disassembly and assembly, reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, the trolley's efficient performance minimizes labor input and shortens construction periods, lowering overall project costs and achieving a win-win situation for both economic and social benefits.

　　Adaptability and Expandability

　　The three-arm arch installation trolley also boasts excellent adaptability and expandability. It can be customized and modified to meet diverse construction requirements, performing well in high-altitude, low-temperature, high-temperature, or humid environments. This adaptability ensures the trolley's exceptional performance in various types of construction projects, demonstrating its robust vitality.

　　Future Development and Prospects

　　With continuous technological advancements and innovations in the construction industry, the three-arm arch installation trolley will continue to play a vital role in the future. It will integrate with new materials and technologies to continually enhance its performance and functions. For instance, the introduction of intelligent control systems could enable remote monitoring and intelligent scheduling, further improving construction efficiency and safety. Additionally, as the concept of green building becomes more prevalent, the trolley will evolve towards being more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient, contributing to sustainable development.

　　Conclusion

　　In summary, the three-arm arch installation trolley, with its stability, flexibility, efficiency, economic benefits, and excellent adaptability and expandability, plays an indispensable role in modern architectural engineering. Its presence not only drives progress in the construction industry but also contributes positively to the prosperity and development of human society. Looking ahead, we have every reason to believe that with ongoing technological innovation and expanding applications, the three-arm arch installation trolley will continue to create new milestones, injecting fresh vitality into the construction industry's development.

　　LANHI has introduced the Intelligent Arch Anchor Integrated Trolley, an advanced piece of equipment built on an engineering chassis. This trolley features a dual anchor system and comes with four-wheel steering, four-wheel drive, and bi-directional driving capabilities. It is equipped with a dual-power system that includes both electric and diesel options, allowing for electric-powered construction and diesel emergency operation. Its tri-arm remote control system makes it exceptionally versatile in various tunnel construction scenarios, particularly suitable for prefabricated arch installation and multiple bench construction methods.

　　The Intelligent Arch Anchor Integrated Trolley integrates several construction processes, including measurement and marking, under-excavation, arch installation, anchor net installation, pre-support, system anchor construction, and optional anchor grouting functions. The tri-arm, tri-gripper basket structure allows the central arm to lift up to 3 tons, enabling all frame erection processes to be completed within an hour.

　　This equipment incorporates LANHI's independently developed patented technology, offering two installation processes: multi-piece prefabricated arch and multi-piece prefabricated foldable arch. These arches are manufactured outside the tunnel, significantly reducing hazardous operation time and construction risks, thereby greatly improving construction efficiency. The maximum drilling depth of the equipment reaches 4.5 meters, and the left and right arm frames can simultaneously perform foot locking, system anchoring, and pre-support anchoring operations, further enhancing construction flexibility and efficiency.

　　Additionally, the Intelligent Arch Anchor Integrated Trolley is equipped with an expandable basket, providing more operating space for loading explosives and anchors. The optional grouting system allows for quick grouting operations after anchor installation. The entire set of equipment can be operated by only 3-4 people, whereas traditional methods typically require more than 8 people.

　　The equipment also includes a breaker and welder, allowing for under-excavation and welding operations during arch installation. The intelligent design features cluster management, positioning functions, video monitoring, intercom functions, warning/alarm functions, data management capabilities, as well as tunnel BIM technology and digital twin, construction report management, tunnel contour scanning, and remote control functions. The integration of these features greatly enhances construction safety, efficiency, and management levels, making LANHI's Intelligent Arch Anchor Integrated Trolley an ideal choice for modern tunnel construction.

　　The LANHI wet spraying robot is a highly efficient construction device suitable for various engineering types, especially for full-section, half-section, and multi-step shotcrete support in tunnel, hydraulic, municipal, and road and bridge projects. With its outstanding performance and reliability, it has become an essential tool in modern engineering construction.

　　1. High-Efficiency Spraying with Excellent Performance

　　The LANHI wet spraying robot boasts a maximum spraying volume of up to 40 cubic meters per hour, ensuring high-efficiency progress in large-scale projects. The equipment is designed with a focus on construction quality, providing stable and reliable spraying effects. It is not prone to clogging, has a low rebound rate, and reduces dust during the construction process, effectively protecting both the environment and workers' health.

　　2. Multiple Models to Adapt to Different Construction Environments

　　To meet the needs of construction in different altitudes, the LANHI wet spraying robot offers several model options:

　　Highland Model: Specifically designed for high-altitude construction, equipped with a high-altitude air compressor, suitable for construction environments above 2000 meters, ensuring the equipment operates normally under highland conditions.

　　Plain Model: Suitable for construction environments below 2000 meters, equipped with a plain-type air compressor, eliminating the need for external air sources, solving the problem of insufficient on-site air supply, and significantly improving construction convenience, efficiency, and flexibility.

　　The LANHI wet spraying robot is equipped with a dual-speed accelerator tank with a capacity of 1.5 cubic meters, greatly enhancing the efficiency of shotcrete operations in exceptionally large and long tunnels. The equipment features a dual-mode design (diesel and electric). Regular construction can be performed in electric mode, while in emergency situations, it can switch to diesel mode, ensuring continuity and flexibility in emergency handling.

　　The LANHI wet spraying robot, with its high efficiency, stability, and strong adaptability, has become an ideal choice for various engineering constructions, providing reliable equipment support and high-quality construction outcomes for construction parties.

　　What Are the Impacts of Faults on Tunnel Construction?Faults have various impacts on tunnel construction, including but not limited to the following aspects:

　　1、Increased Construction Risks: Rocks in fault zones may be highly fractured and unstable, prone to collapse and sliding, which significantly increases safety risks during tunnel construction.

　　2、Increased Construction Difficulty: When constructing near faults, the fractured rocks may require more complex support measures and construction methods, leading to increased difficulty and cost.

　　3、Construction Progress Delays: The need for additional support measures and cautious construction methods can slow down the construction progress, affecting the overall project schedule.

　　4、Increased Construction Costs: Ensuring safety and quality during construction might require more manpower, materials, and financial resources, thereby raising the project costs.

　　5、Post-Construction Maintenance Issues: Tunnels crossing fault zones may face problems such as seepage and cracking, increasing the difficulty and cost of future maintenance.

　　6、Monitoring and Warning Needs: Enhanced monitoring of the geological environment around the tunnel is necessary in fault zones to timely detect potential geological hazards and take preventive measures.

　　7、Potential for Design Changes: Feedback on actual geological conditions during construction may necessitate adjustments to the original design plan, or even a redesign of certain tunnel sections.

　　8、Environmental Impact: Tunnel construction may impact the surrounding environment to some extent, such as causing surface subsidence and changes in groundwater flow, requiring environmental impact assessments and corresponding protective measures.

　　The Hazards of Faults to Tunnel Projects

　　Faults pose several hazards to tunnel projects, primarily reflected in the following aspects:

　　1、Decreased Stability: Rocks in fault zones are usually fractured and loose, lacking sufficient self-supporting capability, which seriously threatens the stability of tunnels in these areas.

　　2、Increased Construction Risks: The complex geological conditions in fault zones can lead to phenomena such as water inflows and sand inrushes, posing threats to construction workers' safety and increasing construction difficulty.

　　3、Rising Construction Costs: Ensuring the stability of tunnels in fault zones might require more complex and expensive support measures, such as reinforcing support structures and grouting, significantly increasing construction costs.

　　4、Increased Maintenance Costs: Post-construction, issues like seepage and cracking in tunnels passing through fault zones necessitate regular inspections and repairs, raising long-term maintenance costs.

　　5、Shortened Service Life: Geological problems caused by faults may damage tunnel structures, thus affecting the tunnel's service life.

　　6、Environmental Impact on Surrounding Areas: Tunnel construction and operation can disturb the surrounding environment to some extent, such as causing surface subsidence and altering groundwater systems, necessitating environmental impact assessments and corresponding protective measures.

　　Therefore, during the planning and design stages of tunnel construction, it is essential to fully consider the impact of faults and adopt appropriate countermeasures to ensure the safety, efficiency, and economy of tunnel construction.

　　A TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is an efficient and safe tunnel construction equipment that achieves integrated construction of multiple processes such as excavation, support, and formation through continuous and automated operation.

　　The working principle of a TBM mainly relies on the combination of mechanical excavation, rock breaking, and soil transportation technologies. Its core components include the cutterhead, the propulsion system, the support system, and the control system.

　　1、Cutterhead: The front end of the TBM is a large circular cutterhead equipped with multiple cutting tools or drills. When the TBM starts, the cutterhead rotates to cut the rock or soil ahead, crushing and discharging it.

　　2、Propulsion System: The TBM’s propulsion system consists of hydraulic cylinders, screw motors, and other components that provide powerful thrust to drive the TBM forward. Additionally, the propulsion system can adjust the TBM's posture and direction, ensuring it accurately follows the predetermined tunnel route.

　　3、Support System: During excavation, the TBM needs to provide real-time tunnel support to prevent collapse. The support system typically uses prefabricated concrete lining segments or sprayed concrete to reinforce and seal the tunnel walls.

　　4、Control System: The control system is the "brain" of the entire TBM, responsible for monitoring and controlling the operating status of all components. Through sensors, computers, and automated control technologies, operators can accurately manage key parameters such as the TBM's position, speed, and cutterhead rotation speed in real time.

　　TBMs offer high efficiency, safety, and environmental protection during construction, making them widely used in tunnel construction for railways, highways, water conservancy projects, and more. With continuous advancements in technology, the performance and functionality of TBMs are constantly improving, providing more reliable and efficient solutions for tunnel engineering construction.

　　Ensuring the safety of personnel during Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) operations is one of the most important tasks. Here are some key measures:

　　1、Strict Adherence to Safety Regulations: Develop and enforce detailed safety operating procedures, ensuring all workers understand and follow these rules.

　　2、Professional Training: Provide professional safety training for all operators, including equipment operation, emergency response, personal protection, and more.

　　3、Safety Protective Equipment: Provide and enforce the use of appropriate safety protective equipment, such as helmets, safety shoes, dust masks, protective glasses, etc.

　　4、Real-time Monitoring Systems: Install monitoring systems to keep real-time track of environmental conditions at the construction site, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas concentrations.

　　5、Risk Assessment: Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment before construction to identify potential hazards and develop corresponding preventive measures.

　　6、Emergency Plans: Develop detailed emergency plans to address sudden incidents like fires, explosions, equipment failures, and more.

　　7、Ventilation System: Ensure a good ventilation system at the construction site to prevent the accumulation of harmful gases.

　　8、Support Measures: Implement necessary support measures, such as rock bolts and steel supports, to prevent collapses.

　　9、Safety Warning Signs: Set up clear safety warning signs at the construction site to alert workers to potential risks.

　　10、Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Perform regular inspections and maintenance on the TBM and related equipment to ensure their normal operation and reduce the risk of failures.

　　11、Communication Systems: Establish effective communication systems to ensure workers can report situations and receive instructions promptly.

　　By implementing these measures, the risks during the construction process can be greatly reduced, ensuring the safety of personnel. Continuous supervision and improvement are also key parts of ensuring safety.

　　How to Choose the Right Arch Installation Trolley？Selecting the appropriate arch installation trolley requires consideration of several key factors:

　　1. Project Scale and Requirements: Choose a trolley with the corresponding load capacity and functions based on the size, length, and specific dimensions and shape of the arch structure of the tunnel or bridge. Larger projects may require bigger, more powerful trolleys, while smaller projects might be better suited for smaller, more flexible trolleys.

　　2. Geological Conditions: Consider the geological conditions of the construction site, such as soil type, rock hardness, and the presence of groundwater. Different geological conditions may necessitate trolleys with different design features, such as reinforced bases or special support systems.

　　3. Construction Method: Select the appropriate trolley type based on the construction method, whether it’s the traditional excavation method or the modern shield method. The shield method typically requires specially designed shield trolleys, while the excavation method may be better suited for general-purpose arch installation trolleys.

　　4. Budget and Cost-Effectiveness: Consider the purchase cost, maintenance cost, and potential rental fees of the trolley. Choose the most cost-effective trolley that meets the construction needs.

　　5. Manufacturer’s Reputation and Service: Opt for trolleys produced by well-known manufacturers who usually provide more reliable products and better after-sales service. Understand the manufacturer’s technical strength and market reputation and choose a brand with good reviews.

　　6. Equipment Scalability and Adaptability: Consider whether the trolley can be adjusted or upgraded according to changes in the construction process to accommodate new construction requirements that may arise.

　　7. Safety Performance: Ensure the trolley complies with relevant safety standards and regulations and has necessary safety measures such as emergency stop buttons and overload protection.

　　8. Training and Technical Support: Determine whether the manufacturer provides operation training and technical support for the trolley, which is crucial for ensuring construction personnel can use the trolley correctly.

　　By considering these factors and comparing and evaluating the performance indicators of different trolleys, you can select the most suitable arch installation trolley for a specific project. During the decision-making process, it is advisable to consult industry experts and manufacturers for more professional advice.

　　When comparing different brands of wet spray manipulators, you can conduct an in-depth analysis from the following aspects:

　　Performance Parameters Comparison:

　　Check the key performance parameters of each brand’s wet spray manipulator, such as maximum spray distance, spray pressure, spray flow rate, and mixing capacity, to ensure the selected equipment can meet the specific requirements of the construction site.

　　Compare the working efficiency and stability of each brand's equipment under different working conditions, and choose a brand that maintains good performance under various conditions.

　　Technological Innovation and R&D Capability:

　　Understand each brand’s investment in R&D and innovation achievements in the field of wet spray technology. Choose brands that have independent intellectual property rights and continuous innovation capabilities, as these often indicate better product performance and future technical support.

　　User Reviews and Reputation:

　　Collect and analyze user reviews and feedback on different brands of wet spray manipulators in the market, especially regarding construction quality, ease of operation, and failure rates.

　　Refer to authoritative industry evaluation reports and awards, as this information can serve as an important reference when selecting a brand.

　　After-Sales Service System:

　　Evaluate the coverage, response speed, and maintenance technical support capabilities of each brand’s after-sales service network. Choose brands that can provide fast and professional services to ensure timely resolution of any issues encountered during use.

　　Cost-Effectiveness Analysis:

　　Conduct a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis of the purchase cost, operational maintenance expenses, and expected service life of different brands of wet spray manipulators. Select products with a high cost-performance ratio.

　　Brand Influence:

　　Consider the brand’s reputation and influence within the industry. Larger brands typically indicate more mature market performance and more reliable product quality.

　　Customization and Scalability:

　　Assess whether each brand offers customized solutions and the scalability of the equipment based on the specific needs of the construction project, to accommodate potential future upgrades and expansion requirements.

　　By conducting a multidimensional comparison and analysis, you can comprehensively evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different brands of wet spray manipulators and make an informed decision.